The momentous film stars Mykola Nademskyi as the grandfather of Tymish, whom he alerts to the secret treasure buried in the mountains of Zvenygora – a treasure that rightfully belongs to his homeland. The film wonderfully blends both lyricism and politics and uses its central construct to build a montage praising Ukrainian industrialization, attacking the bourgeoisie, celebrating the beauty of the Ukrainian steppe and retelling ancient folklore. Sergei Eisenstein said of the film, "As the lights went on, we felt that we had just witnessed a memorable event in the development of the cinema".

The film is based on V. Yurezanskyi’s novel The Missing Village about the struggle of Ukrainian Cossacks for their freedom during the reign of Catherine II. Free Cossacks from the village of Turbai in Poltava region, who were included in registers of Myrhorod Pact, suddenly find out that at the order of Catherine II they become the property of the Ukrainian landlord, pan Bazylevskyi. He treats Cossacks like his usual serfs. Cossacks ask the empress for help, but receive no reply. Then, they rebel and set Bazylevskyi’s estate on fire. The owner and his family die during the fire. The vengeance of the Russian empress is terrible, as dozens of Cossacks are beaten to death, and the village of Turbai is doomed to destruction. The film is lost.

Germany, 1923. Workers, called to the struggle by the communist Niels Unger, seize the arsenal and turn every building into a fortress. The social democrat Buk does not fulfill Unger's order to blow up the bridge over the Elbe, so the Reichswehr troops enter the city. A bloody massacre begins. Nils Unger is arrested. Buk, who is associated with the punitive leader Meins, betrays the rebels during interrogations. A trial is scheduled for the rebels. To avoid political publicity during the trial, Nils Unger is declared insane, but manages to escape from the prison hospital. Once again, his call resounds through the streets of Hamburg: "Save your guns!"

The seamy Jewish underworld of Odesa is the setting for Isaac Babel's story based on the life of gangster king Mishka Yaponchik "Mike the Jap" Vinnitsky. Murder is a way of life for Benya and his gang until he finds himself ensnared in a Bolshevik trap.

It's the 17th century, when social antagonism is at its peak. The poverty of peasants and poor Cossacks is opposed to the lavish lifestyle of the Ukrainian and Polish noblemen, priests, and Cossack officers. Cossacks fight off Tatars’ attacks, however, they start to realise that the real enemy is much closer. Taras Triasylo raises Cossacks to help the rebellious peasants.

The bourgeois wedding of Dekabryukhova is interrupted by the machine-gun fire of revolution. He flees abroad, leaving his wife. Oktyabryukhov stays and adapts to the new life. At the end of the picture there is an attempt at universal reconciliation and the poet's tormenting theme "three-way love". Dekabryuhov returns to his homeland. His wife is already married to Oktyabryukhov. Having learned about it, Dekabryukhov tries to leave, but the newlyweds force him to stay.

A detachment of Red Army soldiers gives shelter to a woman with a newborn. After the child is revealed to be a doll, the woman gets shot.

Suddenly, right on the street, prosecutor Kravtsov recognizes the White Guard soldier Vinter, who was sentenced to death. The sentence was to be carried out by Red Army officer Prokopchuk, but as it turned out, he took pity on the prisoner and released him. Employees of the GPU (State Political Directorate) track down Wynter and the group of "smugglers and saboteurs" he led. In order to catch the state criminal, Prokopchuk asks to join the coast guard. He tracks down Wynter as he returns from abroad on a schooner. In a desperate fight, Prokopchuk dies along with his enemy.